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In mathematics, the double factorial of a number n, denoted by n‼, is the product of all the positive integers up to n that have the same parity (odd or even) as n. [1] That is, n ! ! = ∏ k = 0 ⌈ n 2 ⌉ − 1 ( n − 2 k ) = n ( n − 2 ) ( n − 4 ) ⋯ . {\displaystyle n!!=\prod _{k=0}^{\left\lceil {\frac {n}{2}}\right\rceil -1}(n-2k ...
2. Denotes that a number is positive and is read as plus. Redundant, but sometimes used for emphasizing that a number is positive, specially when other numbers in the context are or may be negative; for example, +2. 3. Sometimes used instead of for a disjoint union of sets. − 1.
The following table lists many specialized symbols commonly used in modern mathematics, ordered by their introduction date. The table can also be ordered alphabetically by clicking on the relevant header title.
The exclamation mark was introduced into English printing during this time to show emphasis. [10] It was later called by many names, including point of admiration (1611), [11] [a] note of exclamation or admiration (1657), [12] sign of admiration or exclamation, [13] exclamation point (1824), [14] and finally, exclamation mark (1839). [15]
The Unicode Standard encodes almost all standard characters used in mathematics. [1] Unicode Technical Report #25 provides comprehensive information about the character repertoire, their properties, and guidelines for implementation. [1]
Latin and Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities.
The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics. Additionally, the subsequent columns contains an informal explanation, a short example, the Unicode location, the name for use in HTML documents, [ 1 ] and the LaTeX symbol.
The symbol # is known variously in English-speaking regions as the number sign, [1] hash, [2] or pound sign. [3] The symbol has historically been used for a wide range of purposes including the designation of an ordinal number and as a ligatured abbreviation for pounds avoirdupois – having been derived from the now-rare ℔ .