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Camphor (/ ˈ k æ m f ər /) is a waxy, colorless solid with a strong aroma. [5] It is classified as a terpenoid and a cyclic ketone.It is found in the wood of the camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), a large evergreen tree found in East Asia; and in the kapur tree (Dryobalanops sp.), a tall timber tree from South East Asia.
Camphora officinarum grows up to 20–30 m (66–98 ft) tall. [4] In Japan, where the tree is called kusunoki, five camphor trees are known with a trunk circumference above 20 m (66 ft), with the largest individual, Kamō no Ōkusu (蒲生の大楠, "Great camphor of Kamō"), reaching 24.22 m (79 + 1 ⁄ 2 ft).
Menthol is an organic compound, specifically a monoterpenoid, that occurs naturally in the oils of several plants in the mint family, such as corn mint and peppermint.It is a white or clear waxy crystalline substance that is solid at room temperature and melts slightly above.
Safrole is the principal component of brown camphor oil made from Ocotea pretiosa, [4] a plant growing in Brazil, and sassafras oil made from Sassafras albidum.. In the United States, commercially available culinary sassafras oil is usually devoid of safrole due to a rule passed by the U.S. FDA in 1960.
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Camphor is also used as a moth repellent, particularly in China. [17] Unlike naphthalene and dichlorobenzene, camphor has medicinal applications and is not regarded as a carcinogen, though it is toxic in large doses. Red cedar wood and oil is also used as an alternative moth repellent. [18]
Thymol also has antiseptic and disinfectant properties. [17] Volatile monoterpenes produced by plants can attract or repel insects, thus some of them are used in insect repellents, such as citronellol, eucalyptol, limonene, linalool, hinokitiol, menthol and thymol. [16] Ascaridole, camphor and eucalyptol are monoterpenes that have ...
Industrially, a racemic mixture of camphor is used, leading to a racemic mixture of borneol and isoborneol. The chirality can be controlled by changing the chirality of camphor: (+)-camphor gives (−)-isoborneol and (+)-borneol. [7] Reduction of camphor with sodium borohydride (fast and irreversible) gives instead the diastereomer isoborneol.