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The extension synergy for the upper extremity includes scapular protraction, shoulder adduction and internal rotation, elbow extension, forearm pronation, and wrist and finger flexion. [1] The flexion synergy for the lower extremity includes hip flexion, abduction and external rotation, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion and inversion and toe ...
The piriformis laterally rotates the femur with hip extension and abducts the femur with hip flexion. [2] Abduction of the flexed thigh is important in the action of walking because it shifts the body weight to the opposite side of the foot being lifted, which prevents falling.
Between 30-50% of the gait cycle, the hip flexor muscles are eccentrically acting as the hip continues to extend, until reaching maximal extension at approximately 10-15 degrees past neutral. [3] This max extension takes place right before toe off. The hip flexors then concentrically act to initiate hip flexion for swing phase. Overall ...
“Walking entails a lot from the body: foot plantar flexion, to ankle dorsiflexion, to hip flexion and extension, to rotation in the pelvis and stability in the core … just to name a few ...
The psoas is the primary hip flexor, assisted by the iliacus. The pectineus, the adductors longus, brevis, and magnus, as well as the tensor fasciae latae are also involved in flexion. The gluteus maximus is the main hip extensor, but the inferior portion of the adductor magnus also plays a role. The adductor group is responsible for hip adduction.
The hip flexors are (in descending order of importance to the action of flexing the hip joint): [2] Collectively known as the iliopsoas or inner hip muscles: Psoas major; Iliacus muscle; Anterior compartment of thigh. Rectus femoris (part of the quadriceps muscle group) Sartorius; One of the gluteal muscles: Tensor fasciae latae; Medial ...
The hip is known as a ball and socket joint, joining the shoulder as one of only two of its kind in the human body. The thigh bone, or the femur, is rounded on its edge to fit inside the inward ...
The sartorius muscle can move the hip joint and the knee joint, but all of its actions are weak, making it a synergist muscle. [4] At the hip, it can flex, weakly abduct, and laterally rotate the femur. [4] At the knee, it can flex the leg; when the knee is flexed, sartorius medially rotates the leg.