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The BBC nominated the S-bend as one of the 50 Things That (have) Made the Modern Economy. [8] Crapper held nine patents, three of them for water closet improvements such as the floating ballcock, but none for the flush toilet itself. [9] Crapper's advertisements implied the siphonic flush was his invention.
If the toilet is flushed from a tank, a large holding cistern is mounted above the toilet, containing approximately 4.5 to 6 L (1.2 to 1.6 US gallons) of water in modern designs. This tank is built with a large drain 50 to 75 mm (2 to 3 inches) diameter hole at its bottom covered by a flapper valve that allows the water to rapidly leave the ...
[citation needed] With the onset of the Industrial Revolution and related advances in technology, the flush toilet began to emerge into its modern form. A crucial advance in plumbing, was the S-trap, invented by the Scottish mechanic Alexander Cummings in 1775, and still in use today. This device uses the standing water to seal the outlet of ...
This forerunner to the modern flush toilet had a flush valve to let water out of the tank, and a wash-down design to empty the bowl. What it lacked was an S-bend or U-bend to curb noxious smells, which was later invented by Alexander Cumming .
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Alexander Cumming FRSE (sometimes referred to as Alexander Cummings; 1733 – 8 March 1814) [1] was a Scottish watchmaker and instrument inventor, who was the first to patent a design of the flush toilet in 1775, which had been pioneered by Sir John Harington, but without solving the problem of foul smells.
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