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This is a list of some of the endowed schools in England and Wales existing in the early part of the 19th century.It is based on the antiquarian Nicholas Carlisle's survey of "Endowed Grammar Schools" published in 1818 [1] with descriptions of 475 schools [2] but the comments are referenced also to the work of the Endowed Schools Commission half a century later.
Endowed schools have a long history. The oldest, having been founded in 597 as a cathedral school, is King's School, Canterbury.Over time a group of the endowed schools became known as "public schools" to differentiate from private teaching by tutors and to indicate that they were open to the public regardless of religious beliefs, locality and social status. [4]
In the late Victorian era there was a great emphasis on the importance of self-improvement, and many schools established at that time emulated the great public schools, copying their curriculum, ethos and ambitions, and some took or maintained the title "grammar school" for historical reasons. A girls' grammar school established in a town with ...
Some school boards were very active in expanding school provision. Many new schools were built by the boards over the thirty years after their introduction; the overall number of schools more than doubled. The boards also took over a large number of works and Nonconformist schools. In 1900, 1,709 schools in Wales were receiving public funds.
A National school was a school founded in 19th-century England and Wales by the National Society for Promoting Religious Education. These schools provided elementary education, in accordance with the teaching of the Church of England , to the children of the poor.
The curriculum and system of graduation were reformed. Entrance examinations equivalent to the School Leaving Certificate were introduced and average ages of entry rose to 17 or 18. Standard patterns of graduation in the arts curriculum offered 3-year ordinary and 4-year honours degrees. [22]
The curriculum of the private school was narrow and designed to fit pupils for their station in life, either in service or as farm labourers on the Neeld estates. In 1860 Miss Elizabeth Squire was engaged as schoolteacher and she remained in charge until the school closed in 1913.
The era can also be understood in a more extensive sense—the 'long Victorian era'—as a period that possessed sensibilities and characteristics distinct from the periods adjacent to it, [note 1] in which case it is sometimes dated to begin before Victoria's accession—typically from the passage of or agitation for (during the 1830s) the ...