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The specific doctrine of original sin was developed in the 3rd century struggle against Gnosticism by Irenaeus of Lyons, and was shaped significantly by Augustine of Hippo (354–430 AD), who was the first author to use the phrase "original sin".
If "sin" could not be avoided it could not be considered sin. [35] [24] In Pelagius' view, the doctrine of original sin placed too little emphasis on the human capacity for self-improvement, leading either to despair or to reliance on forgiveness without responsibility. [37]
This doctrine is derived from Calvin's interpretation of Augustine's explanation about Original Sin. [8] While the phrases "totally depraved" and "utterly perverse" were used by Calvin, what was meant was the inability to save oneself from sin rather than being utterly devoid of goodness.
In Christianity, the doctrine that God unilaterally predestines some persons to heaven and some to hell originated with Augustine of Hippo during the Pelagian controversy in 412 AD. [8] Pelagius and his followers taught that people are not born with original sin and can choose to be good or evil.
As a work of one of the most influential Church Fathers, The City of God is a cornerstone of Western thought, expounding on many questions of theology, such as the suffering of the righteous, the existence of evil, the conflict between free will and divine omniscience, and the doctrine of original sin. [2] [3]
Catholic doctrine distinguishes between personal sin (also sometimes called "actual sin") and original sin. Personal sins are either mortal or venial. Mortal sins are sins of grave (serious) matter, where the sinner performs the act with full knowledge and deliberate consent.
What Is ‘Dexter: Original Sin’ About? Seacia Pavao/SHOWTIME According to the official plot summary, the prequel follows Dexter “as he transitions from student to avenging serial killer.”
Inherited original sin was previously limited to physical death, moral weakness, and a sin propensity. [ 37 ] Another key element within infant baptism was Augustine's early training in Stoicism, an ancient philosophy in which a meticulous god predetermines every detailed event in the universe . [ 38 ]