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General plural formal command; used also as familiar plural command in Spanish America Note that the pronouns precede the verb in the negative commands as the mode is subjunctive, not imperative: no te comas/comás ; no se coma/coman ; no nos comamos ; no os comáis .
The second-person familiar plural is expressed in most of Spain with the pronoun vosotros and its characteristic verb forms (e.g., coméis 'you eat'), while in Latin American Spanish it merges with the formal second-person plural (e.g., ustedes comen). Thus, ustedes is used as both the formal and familiar second-person pronoun in Latin America.
The 5000 words in Davies' list are lemmas. [5] A lemma is the form of the word as it would appear in a dictionary. [6] Singular nouns and plurals, for example, are treated as the same word, as are infinitives and verb conjugations. The table below includes the top 100 words from Davies' list of 5000.
Formal conjugations of the plural imperative end in -d, but in colloquial use the most common conjugation ends in -r instead: pensar, contar, etc. The verbs sentir and dormir also undergo vowel raising .
Some loanwords enter Spanish in their plural forms but are reanalyzed as singular nouns (e.g., the Italian plurals el confeti 'confetti', el espagueti 'spaghetti', and el ravioli 'ravioli'). These words then follow the typical morphological rules of Spanish, essentially double marking the plural (e.g., los confetis, los espaguetis, and los ...
abarca - encompasses; abarcar - to encompass; abarrotado - crowded; abarrote - grocery; abastacer - to supply; abastece - supplies; abastecido - stocked; abastecimiento - catering
-s is once again the plural marker, and if the lemma ends in a consonant, the adjective takes -es in the plural. Thus: caliente ("hot") → caliente, caliente, calientes, calientes; formal ("formal") → formal, formal, formales, formales; verde ("green") → verde, verde, verdes, verdes; This division into two groups is a generalization, however.
For the second person formal, virtually all Spanish dialects of Spain and the Americas use usted and ustedes (singular and plural respectively). But for the second person familiar , there is regional variation—between tú and vos for the singular, and, separately, between vosotros and ustedes for the plural.