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Eschatological ideas evolved in Hinduism. [21] In earliest Vedic literature, heaven and hell sufficed soteriological curiosities. Over time, the ancient scholars observed that people vary in the quality of virtuous or sinful life they lead, and began questioning how differences in each person's puṇya (merit, good deeds) or pāp (demerit, sin ...
Jains believe meditation has been a core spiritual practice since the teaching of the Tirthankara, Rishabha. [7] All the twenty-four Tirthankaras practiced deep meditation and attained enlightenment. [8] They are all shown in meditative postures in images and idols. Mahavira practiced deep meditation for twelve years and attained enlightenment. [9]
Some practitioners teach that shikantaza means that one should not focus attention on a specific object (such as the breath), instead "just sitting" in a state of conscious awareness; however, the 13th-century origin of the expression indicates a general emphasis on meditation in any form as sufficient for spiritual enlightenment. The original ...
Dhyāna (Sanskrit: ध्यान) in Hinduism means meditation [1] and contemplation. Dhyana is taken up in Yoga practices, and is a means to samadhi and self-knowledge. [2]The various concepts of dhyana and its practice originated in the Sramanic movement of ancient India, [3] [4] which started before the 6th century BCE (pre-Buddha, pre-Mahavira), [5] [6] and the practice has been ...
Enlightenment" was a means to capture natural religious truths, as distinguished from mere mythology. [10] [note 1] This perspective was influenced by Kantian thought, particularly Kant's definition of the Enlightenment as the free, unimpeded use of reason. Müller's translation echoed this idea, portraying Buddhism as a rational and ...
Meditation: Refers to any of a wide variety of spiritual practices (and their close secular analogues) which emphasize mental activity or quiescence. The English word comes from the Latin meditatio , which could perhaps be better translated as " contemplation ."