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An autocollimator works by projecting an image onto a target mirror and measuring the deflection of the returned image against a scale, either visually or by means of an electronic detector. A visual autocollimator can measure angles as small as 1 arcsecond (4.85 microradians), while an electronic autocollimator can have up to 100 times more ...
Each optical element (surface, interface, mirror, or beam travel) is described by a 2 × 2 ray transfer matrix which operates on a vector describing an incoming light ray to calculate the outgoing ray. Multiplication of the successive matrices thus yields a concise ray transfer matrix describing the entire optical system.
PLate OPtimizer, or PLOP is a CAD program used by amateur telescope makers to design primary mirror support cells for reflecting telescopes.It was developed by telescope maker David Lewis, first described in 1999, [1] and used to simplify calculations needed in the design of mirror support cells. [2]
In computer graphics and geography, the angle of incidence is also known as the illumination angle of a surface with a light source, such as the Earth's surface and the Sun. [1] It can also be equivalently described as the angle between the tangent plane of the surface and another plane at right angles to the light rays. [ 2 ]
The iPhone calculator is great for crunching numbers in a pinch, but you can also use it to have some fun with your friends and family. Here are some cool calculator tricks you can use to find ...
Turner Whitted was the first to show recursive ray tracing for mirror reflection and for refraction through translucent objects, with an angle determined by the solid's index of refraction, and to use ray tracing for anti-aliasing. [12] Whitted also showed ray traced shadows.
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