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Quartz clocks and quartz watches are timepieces that use an electronic oscillator regulated by a quartz crystal to keep time. This crystal oscillator creates a signal with very precise frequency, so that quartz clocks and watches are at least an order of magnitude more accurate than mechanical clocks. Generally, some form of digital logic ...
Most such quartz clock crystals vibrate at a frequency of 32 768 Hz. The piezoelectric properties of crystalline quartz were discovered by Jacques and Pierre Curie in 1880. [65] [66] The first crystal oscillator was invented in 1917 by Alexander M. Nicholson, after which the first quartz crystal oscillator was built by Walter G. Cady in 1921. [2]
Although less accurate than existing quartz clocks, it served to prove the concept of an atomic clock. [ 206 ] The first accurate atomic clock, a caesium standard based on a certain transition of the caesium-133 atom, was built by the English physicist Louis Essen in 1955 at the National Physical Laboratory in London. [ 207 ]
A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses a piezoelectric crystal as a frequency-selective element. [1] [2] [3] The oscillator frequency is often used to keep track of time, as in quartz wristwatches, to provide a stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers.
Real-time clock, quartz watches and clocks; also the DCF77 frequency 0.100000 10 5 allows decade division to 1 Hz and 1 kHz. Real-time clock, quartz watches and clocks, DMM dual slope ADCs (suppresses 50 Hz noise) 0.120000 DMM dual slope ADCs (suppresses 60 Hz noise) 0.131072 2 17 allows binary division to 1 Hz and 32.768 kHz.
Introduced. December 25, 1969. Quartz Movement of the Seiko Astron, 1969 (Deutsches Uhrenmuseum, Inv. Inv. 2010-006) The Astron wristwatch, formally known as the Seiko Quartz-Astron 35SQ, was the world's first "quartz clock" wristwatch. It is now registered on the List of IEEE Milestones as a key advance in electrical engineering.