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  2. The Principle of Hope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Principle_of_Hope

    The Principle of Hope (German: Das Prinzip Hoffnung) is a book by the Marxist philosopher Ernst Bloch, published in three volumes in 1954, 1955, and 1959, in which the author explores utopianism, studying the utopian impulses present in art, literature, religion and other forms of cultural expression, and envisages a future state of absolute perfection.

  3. Søren Kierkegaard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Søren_Kierkegaard

    Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (/ ˈsɒrən ˈkɪərkəɡɑːrd / SORR-ən KEER-kə-gard, US also /- ɡɔːr / -⁠gor; Danish: [ˈsɶːɐn ˈɔˀˌpyˀ ˈkʰiɐ̯kəˌkɒˀ] ⓘ; [8] 5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855 [9]) was a Danish theologian, philosopher, poet, social critic, and religious author who is widely considered to be the first ...

  4. Gabriel Marcel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Marcel

    Gabriel Marcel. Gabriel Honoré Marcel[a] (7 December 1889 – 8 October 1973) was a French philosopher, playwright, music critic and leading Christian existentialist. The author of over a dozen books and at least thirty plays, Marcel's work focused on the modern individual's struggle in a technologically dehumanizing society.

  5. Ernst Bloch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Bloch

    Ernst Bloch. Ernst Simon Bloch (/ blɒk /; German: [ɛʁnst ˈblɔx]; July 8, 1885 – August 4, 1977; pseudonyms: Karl Jahraus, Jakob Knerz[5]) was a German Marxist philosopher. Bloch was influenced by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Karl Marx, as well as by apocalyptic and religious thinkers such as Thomas Müntzer, Paracelsus, and Jacob ...

  6. Paulo Freire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulo_Freire

    Paulo Reglus Neves Freire [a] (19 September 1921 – 2 May 1997) was a Brazilian educator and philosopher who was a leading advocate of critical pedagogy. His influential work Pedagogy of the Oppressed is generally considered one of the foundational texts of the critical pedagogy movement, [ 38 ] [ 39 ] [ 40 ] and was the third most cited book ...

  7. Immanuel Kant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant

    Immanuel Kant [a] (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have made him one of the most influential and controversial figures in modern Western philosophy, being called the "father of modern ...

  8. Hope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope

    e. Hope is an optimistic state of mind that is based on an expectation of positive outcomes with respect to events and circumstances in one's life or the world at large. [1] As a verb, its definitions include: "expect with confidence" and "to cherish a desire with anticipation". [2]

  9. Philosophes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophes

    Philosophe is the French word for "philosopher," and was a word that the French Enlightenment thinkers usually applied to themselves. [3] The philosophes, like many ancient philosophers, were public intellectuals dedicated to solving the real problems of the world. They wrote on subjects ranging from current affairs to art criticism, and they ...