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Linux Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) is a suite of libraries that allow a Linux system administrator to configure methods to authenticate users. It provides a flexible and centralized way to switch authentication methods for secured applications by using configuration files instead of changing application code. [ 1 ]
It was adopted as the authentication framework of the Common Desktop Environment. As a stand-alone open-source infrastructure, PAM first appeared in Red Hat Linux 3.0.4 in August 1996 in the Linux PAM project. PAM is currently supported in the AIX operating system, DragonFly BSD, [2] FreeBSD, HP-UX, Linux, macOS, NetBSD and Solaris.
The user authentication layer (RFC 4252) handles client authentication, and provides a suite of authentication algorithms. Authentication is client-driven: when one is prompted for a password, it may be the SSH client prompting, not the server. The server merely responds to the client's authentication requests.
Secure Shell (SSH) is a protocol allowing secure remote login to a computer on a network using public-key cryptography.SSH client programs (such as ssh from OpenSSH) typically run for the duration of a remote login session and are configured to look for the user's private key in a file in the user's home directory (e.g., .ssh/id_rsa).
This means that the SSH server will only be aware of the IP address of the web application server, keeping the actual client's IP address hidden. Auditability: Because all communication between the client and the SSH server must pass through the web application server this communication can be logged. This prevents a malicious client from ...
The Secure Remote Password protocol (SRP) is an augmented password-authenticated key exchange (PAKE) protocol, specifically designed to work around existing patents. [1]Like all PAKE protocols, an eavesdropper or man in the middle cannot obtain enough information to be able to brute-force guess a password or apply a dictionary attack without further interactions with the parties for each guess.
The SCP program [8] is a software tool implementing the SCP protocol as a service daemon or client. It is a program to perform secure copying. It is a program to perform secure copying. Perhaps the most widely used SCP program is the OpenSSH command line scp program, which is provided in most SSH implementations.
It implements both client and server applications. OpenVPN allows peers to authenticate each other using pre-shared secret keys, certificates or username/password. When used in a multiclient-server configuration, it allows the server to release an authentication certificate for every client, using signatures and certificate authority.