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Generative Pre-trained Transformer 2 (GPT-2) is a large language model by OpenAI and the second in their foundational series of GPT models. GPT-2 was pre-trained on a dataset of 8 million web pages. [2] It was partially released in February 2019, followed by full release of the 1.5-billion-parameter model on November 5, 2019. [3] [4] [5]
OpenAI o3 is a reflective generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) model developed by OpenAI as a successor to OpenAI o1. It is designed to devote additional deliberation time when addressing questions that require step-by-step logical reasoning. [1] [2] OpenAI released a smaller model, o3-mini, on January 31st, 2025. [3]
OpenAI's GPT-n series Model Architecture Parameter count Training data Release date Training cost GPT-1: 12-level, 12-headed Transformer decoder (no encoder), followed by linear-softmax. 117 million BookCorpus: [39] 4.5 GB of text, from 7,000 unpublished books of various genres. June 11, 2018 [9] 30 days on 8 P600 graphics cards, or 1 petaFLOPS ...
In 2019 October, Google started using BERT to process search queries. [36] In 2020, Google Translate replaced the previous RNN-encoder–RNN-decoder model by a Transformer-encoder–RNN-decoder model. [37] Starting in 2018, the OpenAI GPT series of decoder-only Transformers became state of the art in natural language generation.
Generative AI systems trained on words or word tokens include GPT-3, GPT-4, GPT-4o, LaMDA, LLaMA, BLOOM, Gemini and others (see List of large language models). They are capable of natural language processing , machine translation , and natural language generation and can be used as foundation models for other tasks. [ 62 ]
Generative Pre-trained Transformer 2 ("GPT-2") is an unsupervised transformer language model and the successor to OpenAI's original GPT model ("GPT-1"). GPT-2 was announced in February 2019, with only limited demonstrative versions initially released to the public.
Evaluations of controlled LLM output measure the amount memorized from training data (focused on GPT-2-series models) as variously over 1% for exact duplicates [141] or up to about 7%. [ 142 ] A 2023 study showed that when ChatGPT 3.5 turbo was prompted to repeat the same word indefinitely, after a few hundreds of repetitions, it would start ...
On March 30, 2023, AutoGPT was released by Toran Bruce Richards, the founder and lead developer at video game company Significant Gravitas Ltd. [3] AutoGPT is an open-source autonomous AI agent based on OpenAI's API for GPT-4, [4] the large language model released on March 14, 2023. AutoGPT is among the first examples of an application using ...