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The lemma or citation form of a Korean verb is the form that ends in ta 다 da without a tense-aspect marker. For verbs, this form was used as an imperfect declarative form in Middle Korean, [3] but is no longer used in Modern Korean. [4] For adjectives, this form is the non-past declarative form.
The choice of whether to use a Sino-Korean noun or a native Korean word is a delicate one, with the Sino-Korean alternative often sounding more profound or refined. It is in much the same way that Latin- or French-derived words in English are used in higher-level vocabulary sets (e.g. the sciences), thus sounding more refined – for example ...
Each Korean speech level can be combined with honorific or non-honorific noun and verb forms. Taken together, there are 14 combinations. Some of these speech levels are disappearing from the majority of Korean speech. Hasoseo-che is now used mainly in movies or dramas set in the Joseon era and in religious speech. [1]
The word copula derives from the Latin noun for a "link" or "tie" that connects two different things. [1] [2] A copula is often a verb or a verb-like word, though this is not universally the case. [3] A verb that is a copula is sometimes called a copulative or copular verb. In English primary education grammar courses, a copula is often called ...
Emphasized adjectives: 노랗다 (norata) means plain yellow, while its negative, 누렇다 (nureota), means dark yellow; 파랗다 (parata) means plain blue, while its negative, 퍼렇다 (peoreota), means deep blue; Particles at the end of verbs: 잡다 (japda) (to catch) → 잡았다 (jabatda) (caught)
The comparative degrees are frequently associated with adjectives and adverbs because these words take the -er suffix or modifying word more or less. (e.g., faster, more intelligent, less wasteful). Comparison can also, however, appear when no adjective or adverb is present, for instance with nouns (e.g., more men than women).
A simple copula predicate consists of sé 'am/is/are' only. The negative marker pa and the TMA (tense-mood-aspect) markers can co-occur with the copula-type predicate, subject to certain rules (TMA markers: té 'past' or 'anterior', kay 'prospective' or 'irrealis', ka 'nonpunctual', sa 'abilitative'). One such rule is that té + sé → sété ...
Indefinite articles typically arise from adjectives meaning one. For example, the indefinite articles in the Romance languages—e.g., un, una, une—derive from the Latin adjective unus. Partitive articles, however, derive from Vulgar Latin de illo, meaning (some) of the. The English indefinite article an is derived from the same root as one.