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Dantrolene sodium, sold under the brand name Dantrium among others, is a postsynaptic muscle relaxant that lessens excitation-contraction coupling in muscle cells. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] It achieves this by inhibiting Ca 2+ ions release from sarcoplasmic reticulum stores by antagonizing ryanodine receptors . [ 8 ]
Dantrolene sodium, the only available medical treatment for malignant hyperthermia. The current treatment of choice is the intravenous administration of dantrolene, the only known antidote, discontinuation of triggering agents, and supportive therapy directed at correcting hyperthermia, acidosis, and organ dysfunction. Treatment must be ...
Dantrolene has been used when needed to reduce muscle rigidity, and dopamine pathway medications such as bromocriptine have shown benefit. [44] Dantrolene may act centrally on thermoregulatory pathways to lower the temperature. [7] Dantrolene also inhibits calcium release from the muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum to cause muscle relaxation. [7]
According to MeSH, dantrolene is usually classified as a centrally acting muscle relaxant. [9] The World Health Organization , in its ATC , uses the term "centrally acting agents", [ 10 ] but adds a distinct category of "directly acting agents", for dantrolene. [ 11 ]
There is no simple, straightforward test to diagnose the condition. When MH develops during a procedure, treatment with dantrolene sodium is usually initiated; dantrolene and the avoidance of suxamethonium administration in susceptible people have markedly reduced the mortality from this condition.
The hydantoin derivative dantrolene is used as a muscle relaxant to treat malignant hyperthermia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, spasticity, and ecstasy intoxication. Ropitoin is an example of an antiarrhythmic hydantoin.
Baclofen, diazepam and dantrolene remain the three most commonly used pharmacologic agents in the treatment of spastic hypertonia. Baclofen is generally the drug of choice for spinal cord types of spasticity, while sodium dantrolene is the only agent which acts directly on muscle tissue. Tizanidine is also available.
As of 2021, dantrolene sodium—a medication indicated for the treatment of malignant hyperthermia and muscle spasms—was being investigated in patients with Wolfram syndrome in a phase 2 clinical trial. [42] Overall, there is currently no treatment guideline for treating or slowing down the progression of Wolfram Syndrome.