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Hannah Arendt in 1933. Hannah Arendt was one of the first scholars to publish a comparative study of Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin.In her 1951 work The Origins of Totalitarianism, Arendt puts forward the idea of totalitarianism as a distinct type of political movement and form of government, which "differs essentially from other forms of political oppression known to us, such as despotism ...
Knickerbocker contrasted his treatment with the inevitable torture and execution under Stalin or Hitler, and stated "you have a fair idea of the comparative mildness of the Italian kind of totalitarianism". [70] However, since World War II historians have noted that in Italy's colonies Italian fascism displayed extreme levels of violence.
Mussolini claimed that the world was divided into a hierarchy of races (though this was justified more on cultural than on biological grounds), and that history was nothing more than a Darwinian struggle for power and territory between various "racial masses". [71] Mussolini saw high birthrates in Africa and Asia as a threat to the "white race".
Ciano attempted to convince Mussolini to bring Italy out of the war as casualties mounted but was ignored. In 1943, Ciano supported the ousting of Mussolini as prime minister. Ciano was later executed by Fascists in the Italian Social Republic for betraying Mussolini. Rodolfo Graziani was commander of Italian North Africa and Governor-General ...
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin [f] (born Dzhugashvili; [g] 18 December [O.S. 6 December] 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician, revolutionary and political theorist who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953.
Führer und Lehrer Joseph Stalin, late 1940s in East Germany; Joseph Stalin, dictator of Soviet Union has been referred to as Father of Nations, "Great Leader", "General Secretary", "Generalisimus" Duce (from Latin dux meaning "guide") Benito Mussolini, from 1925 to 1943 dictator of Italy (formally "Head of Government").
According to Stalin's secretary, Boris Bazhanov, Stalin was jubilant over Lenin's death while "publicly putting on the mask of grief". [ 186 ] Some Marxist theoreticians have disputed the view that Stalin's dictatorship was a natural outgrowth of the Bolsheviks' actions, as Stalin eliminated most of the original central committee members from ...
Most dictators of the 20th century mimicked Mussolini's admiration for Machiavelli and "Stalin... saw himself as the embodiment of Machiavellian virtù". [18] English political theorist Thomas Hobbes in his work Leviathan (1651) created the ideology of absolutism that advocated an all-powerful absolute monarchy to maintain order within a state. [8]