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Palmitoylation of Gephyrin Controls Receptor Clustering and Plasticity of GABAergic Synapses [1] In molecular biology, palmitoylation is the covalent attachment of fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, to cysteine (S-palmitoylation) and less frequently to serine and threonine (O-palmitoylation) residues of proteins, which are typically membrane ...
Palmitoylation. S-palmitoylation (i.e. attachment of palmitic acid) is a reversible protein modification in which a palmitic acid is attached to a specific cysteine residue via thioester linkage. [2] [11] The term S-acylation can also be used when other medium and long fatty acids chains are also attached to palmitoylated proteins.
palmitoylation (a type of acylation), attachment of palmitate, a C 16 saturated acid; isoprenylation or prenylation, the addition of an isoprenoid group (e.g. farnesol and geranylgeraniol) farnesylation; geranylgeranylation; glypiation, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor formation via an amide bond to C-terminal tail
GAP43, is a nervous tissue-specific cytoplasmic protein that can be attached to the membrane via a dual palmitoylation sequence on cysteines 3 and 4. This sequence targets GAP43 to lipid rafts. It is a major protein kinase C substrate and is considered to play a key role in neurite formation, regeneration, and plasticity.
The protein palmitoylation is a reversible process. The addition of palmitoyl group increase the membrane association of the substrate protein while the removal by palmitoyl thioesterase decreases the membrane association.
RU-SKI 43 inhibits the activity of SHHat, an enzyme that catalyzes the palmitoylation of Shh. [56] Since palmitoylation is essential for the activity of Shh, [57] inhibition of SHHat by RU-SKI 43 inhibits Shh signaling in cancer cells. [58] [59] 5E1, a monoclonal antibody against Shh, has been shown to inhibit medulloblastoma growth in mouse ...
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Skeletal formula of the prenyl group. Prenylation (also known as isoprenylation or lipidation) is the addition of hydrophobic molecules to a protein or a biomolecule.It is usually assumed that prenyl groups (3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl) facilitate attachment to cell membranes, similar to lipid anchors like the GPI anchor, though direct evidence of this has not been observed.