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Topaz can be used as a flux in steel production. [23] Using topaz as a refectory material does have some health and environmental concerns due to the production of fluorine as a byproduct of calcining topaz. Topaz is a part of the second rank of gemstones, or semiprecious stones, accompanying aquamarine, morganite, and tourmaline. [7]
Topaz on matrix from Dassu in Gilgit Baltistan Brookite and Quartz mineral from Balochistan. Gemstones, also known as semi-precious stones or gems, are minerals widely used in jewelry and for ornamental purposes. Northern and western regions of Pakistan are rich in high quality gemstones. Some of the major gemstones are enlisted below; [4] Peridot
In 1979, Gemstones Corporation of Pakistan was established to develop the gemstones sector in Pakistan, however in 1997 the corporation liquidated. [3] Now a number of organizations are working in this sector including All Pakistan Commercial Exporters Association of Rough & Unpolished Precious and Semi Precious Stones (APCEA) and Pakistan Gems and Jewellery Development Company (PGJDC).
Here are the most popular gemstone meanings. ... Topaz “Coming in a variety of colors, from blue to yellow to white, topaz is symbolically associated with peace, self-worth, and self-confidence ...
The Gemstones Corporation of Pakistan looks after the interests of stake holders in gemstone mining and polishing as an official entity. Balochistan has the most mineral deposits among the provinces of Pakistan, with Sindh rich in coal deposit and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa rich in gems. Oil, gas and minerals used in nuclear energy purposes are mined ...
Whether a gemstone is a natural stone or synthetic, the chemical, physical, and optical characteristics are the same: They are composed of the same mineral and are colored by the same trace materials, have the same hardness and density and strength, and show the same color spectrum, refractive index, and birefringence (if any). Lab-created ...
Dispersion: 0.017 [1]: Ultraviolet fluorescence: Pink stones; inert to very weak red to violet in long and short wave [1]: Absorption spectra: Strong narrow band at 498 nm, and almost complete absorption of red down to 640 nm in blue and green stones; red and pink stones show lines at 458 and 451 nm, as well as a broad band in the green spectrum [1]
The term is believed to derive from the root סָפַר (sāp̄ar), meaning "to score with a mark," presumably because gemstones can be used to scratch stone surfaces due to their high hardness. [70] [71] [72] A traditional Hindu belief holds that the sapphire causes the planet Saturn to be favorable to the wearer. [73]