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Guaifenesin might act as an expectorant by increasing the volume and reducing the viscosity of secretions in the trachea and bronchi via stimulation of the gastric mucosa. . This stimulation leads to an increased parasympathetic activity in the respiratory tract via the so-called gastro-pulmonary reflex, although some in vitro studies suggested that it might also act directly on the ...
Clark's rule is a medical term referring to a mathematical formula used to calculate the proper dosage of medicine for children aged 2–17 based on the weight of the patient and the appropriate adult dose. [1] The formula was named after Cecil Belfield Clarke (1894–1970), a Barbadian physician who practiced throughout the UK, the West Indies ...
The FDA in 2015 warned that the use of codeine-containing cough medication in children may cause breathing problems. [32] Cold syrup overdose has been linked to visual and auditory hallucinations as well as rapid involuntary jaw, tongue, and eye movements in children. [medical citation needed]
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Side effects of doxylamine include dizziness, drowsiness, and dry mouth, among others. [4] Doxylamine is a potent anticholinergic and has a side-effect profile common to such drugs, including blurred vision , dry mouth, constipation , muscle incoordination , urinary retention , mental confusion , and delirium .
Dextromethorphan, sold under the brand name Robitussin among others, is a cough suppressant used in many cough and cold medicines. [6] In 2022, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the combination dextromethorphan/bupropion to serve as a rapid-acting antidepressant in people with major depressive disorder.
Common side effects include vomiting, constipation, itchiness, lightheadedness, and drowsiness. [4] Serious side effects may include breathing difficulties and addiction. [4] Whether its use in pregnancy is safe is unclear. [4] Care should be used during breastfeeding, as it may result in opiate toxicity in the baby. [4]
Phenobarbital can cause hyperactivity in children. This may follow after a small dose of 20 mg, on condition of no phenobarbital administered in previous days. [10] Prerequisite for this reaction is a continued sense of tension. The mechanism of action is not known, but it may be started by the anxiolytic action of the phenobarbital. [citation ...