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A firman (Persian: فرمان, romanized: farmān; Turkish: ferman), [1] at the constitutional level, was a royal mandate or decree issued by a sovereign in an Islamic state. During various periods such firmans were collected and applied as traditional bodies of law. The English word firman comes from the Persian farmān meaning "decree" or ...
The Firman was issued in a time period when the Ottoman Empire was subjected to a growing diplomatic pressure from the West to suppress slave trade and slavery in the Ottoman Empire. Responding to the influence and pressure of European countries in the 19th century, the Empire began taking steps to curtail the slave trade, which had been ...
The Firman banned the slave trade in white slaves from Caucasus and Georgia. The governors of the provinces were ordered to prevent the sale of Caucasus children and to confiscate and liberate Caucasian children in possession of the slave traders. [ 4 ]
It was one of the reforms representing the process of official abolition of slavery in the Ottoman Empire, including the Firman of 1830, Disestablishment of the Istanbul Slave Market (1847), Suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf (1847), the Prohibition of the Circassian and Georgian slave trade (1854–1855), Prohibition of the Black Slave Trade (1857), and the Anglo-Ottoman ...
The Imperial Firman Relative to Hereditary Succession was a firman (i.e., decree) issued by the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Abdülaziz on 27 May 1866 at the request of Isma'il Pasha, the wāli (i.e. governor) of Egypt, which was then an Ottoman province.
In 1883, a draft was presented in order to complement and compensate for the bad enforcement of the Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1880. In an Imperial firman (decree) of 1887, chattel slavery was declared formally abolished and no longer legally recognized, the decree stating: "The Imperial government not officially recognizing the state of ...