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"Lithography, or printing from soft stone, largely took the place of engraving in the production of English commercial maps after about 1852. It was a quick, cheap process and had been used to print British army maps during the Peninsular War. Most of the commercial maps of the second half of the 19th century were lithographed and unattractive ...
Retroflex (printing process) Dual spectrum process; LightJet; Ozalid; Chemical processes Aniline process; Cyanotype (used for blueprints) Diazotype (also whiteprint, ammonia print, or gas print) Heat-sensitivity methods Thermofax (also thermography) Eichner drycopy process; Adherography; Electrostatic methods Electrofax; Xerography ...
Microcontact printing (or μCP) is a form of soft lithography that uses the relief patterns on a master polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp or Urethane rubber micro stamp [1] to form patterns of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of ink on the surface of a substrate through conformal contact as in the case of nanotransfer printing (nTP). [2]
The original source for lithographic limestone was the Solnhofen Limestone, named after the quarries of Solnhofen where it was first found. This is a late Jurassic deposit, part of a deposit of plattenkalk (a very fine-grained limestone that splits into thin plates, usually micrite) that extends through the Swabian Alb and Franconian Alb in Southern Germany. [5]
Offset printing is a common printing technique in which the inked image is transferred (or "offset") from a plate to a rubber blanket and then to the printing surface. When used in combination with the lithographic process, which is based on the repulsion of oil and water, the offset technique employs a flat (planographic) image carrier.
William Griggs (4 October 1832 – 7 December 1911) [1] was an English inventor of a process of chromolithography known as photo-chromo-lithography. He was associated with the India Office , and publications for which he produced coloured illustrations include many works about India.
He called it "stone printing" or "chemical printing", but the French name "lithography" became more widely adopted. And with the composer Franz Gleißner he started a publishing firm in 1796 using lithography. [2] The value of the new cheap and exact reproduction process was recognized early by land surveying offices across Europe.
Collotype is a gelatin-based photographic printing process invented by Alphonse Poitevin in 1855 to print images in a wide variety of tones without the need for halftone screens. [1] [2] The majority of collotypes were produced between the 1870s and 1920s. [3] It was the first form of photolithography. [4]