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The fair-trade system is inefficient at transferring coffee consumers’ goodwill to producers. Direct trade is probably more efficient and sustainable than fair trade. Artificially stimulating more coffee production keeps coffee growers poor, because overproduction makes the prices fall on the world markets.
The Fair Trade Certified Mark is the North American equivalent of the International Fairtrade Certification Mark used in Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. For a product to carry either Certification Marks, it must come from Fair Trade USA inspected and certified producer organizations.
The FTO Mark, launched in 2004 by World Fair Trade Organization, and identifies registered fair trade organizations. UTZ Certified is a coffee certification program that has sometimes been dubbed "Fairtrade lite". [17] Counter Culture Direct Trade Certification [18] [non-primary source needed] is a direct trade alternative to the Fairtrade ...
Fairtrade International was established in 1997. It set private standards relating to labour, cooperative organisation, and the governance of the Fairtrade benefits. The organisation was divided in January 2004 into two independent organisations: [5]
Fair Trade USA, formerly "TransFair USA", [1] is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that sets standards, certifies, and labels products that promote sustainable ...
An investigation into the limits of Fair Trade as a development tool and the risk of clean-washing, HEI Working Papers, Geneva: Economics Section, Graduate Institute of International Studies, October. Mohan, S (2010), Fair Trade Without the Froth – a dispassionate economic analysis of 'Fair Trade', London: Institute of Economic Affairs.