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The archetype is Spectre, and transient execution attacks like Spectre belong to the cache-attack category, one of several categories of side-channel attacks. Since January 2018 many different cache-attack vulnerabilities have been identified.
In 2002 and 2003, Yukiyasu Tsunoo and colleagues from NEC showed how to attack MISTY and DES symmetric key ciphers, respectively. In 2005, Daniel Bernstein from the University of Illinois, Chicago reported an extraction of an OpenSSL AES key via a cache timing attack, and Colin Percival had a working attack on the OpenSSL RSA key using the Intel processor's cache.
Speculative execution exploit Variant 4, [8] is referred to as Speculative Store Bypass (SSB), [1] [9] and has been assigned CVE-2018-3639. [7] SSB is named Variant 4, but it is the fifth variant in the Spectre-Meltdown class of vulnerabilities.
The graph on the left denotes a case where the timing attack is successfully able to detect a cached image whereas the one on the right is unable to do the same. In cryptography, a timing attack is a side-channel attack in which the attacker attempts to compromise a cryptosystem by analyzing the time taken to execute cryptographic algorithms ...
Meltdown exploits a race condition, inherent in the design of many modern CPUs.This occurs between memory access and privilege checking during instruction processing. . Additionally, combined with a cache side-channel attack, this vulnerability allows a process to bypass the normal privilege checks that isolate the exploit process from accessing data belonging to the operating system and other ...
Retbleed is a speculative execution attack on x86-64 and ARM processors, including some recent Intel and AMD chips. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] First made public in 2022, it is a variant of the Spectre vulnerability which exploits retpoline , which was a mitigation for speculative execution attacks.
CVE-2017-5715, 2017-5753, 2017-5754: The Spectre and Meltdown hardware vulnerabilities, a cache side-channel attack on CPU level (Rogue Data Cache Load (RDCL)), allow a rogue process to read all memory of a computer, even outside the memory assigned to a virtual machine; CVE-2017-0075 Hyper-V Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
A cache side-channel attack works by monitoring security critical operations such as AES T-table entry [2] [3] [4] or modular exponentiation or multiplication or memory accesses. [5] The attacker then is able to recover the secret key depending on the accesses made (or not made) by the victim, deducing the encryption key.