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A nonstress test can be classified as normal, atypical, or abnormal. A normal nonstress test will show a baseline fetal heart rate between 110 and 160 beats per minute with moderate variability (5- to 25-interbeat variability) and 2 qualifying accelerations in 20 minutes with no decelerations.
Presence of late decelerations with at least 50% of the contractions [9] Negative: No late or significant variable decelerations, [9] with at least 3 uterine contractions (lasting 40 seconds) in 10 minute period. [10] Equivocal—Suspicious: Presence of late decelerations with fewer than 50% of contractions or significant variable decelerations.
Moderate variability, Absence of late or variable decelerations, Early decelerations and accelerations may or may not be present. Category II (Indeterminate): Tracing is not predictive of abnormal fetal acid-base status. Evaluation and continued surveillance and reevaluations are indicated. Bradycardia with normal baseline variability; Tachycardia
Histopathology of placenta with increased syncytial knotting of chorionic villi, with two knots pointed out. The following characteristics of placentas have been said to be associated with placental insufficiency, however all of them occur in normal healthy placentas and full term healthy births, so none of them can be used to accurately diagnose placental insufficiency: [citation needed]
decreased variability in the fetal heart rate; late decelerations; Biochemical signs, assessed by collecting a small sample of baby's blood from a scalp prick through the open cervix in labor fetal metabolic acidosis; elevated fetal blood lactate levels (from fetal scalp blood testing) indicating the baby has a lactic acidosis
On fetal heart tracing (a linear recording of the fetal heart rate) this would usually look like moderate to severe variable decelerations. [6] In overt cord prolapse, the cord can be seen or felt on the vulva or vagina. [1] The main issue with cord prolapse is that, once the cord is prolapsed, it is prone to compression by the foetus and the womb.
QT interval variability (QTV) refers to the physiological phenomenon of beat-to-beat fluctuations in QT interval of electrocardiograms. Increased QTV appears to be a marker of arrhythmic and cardiovascular death; it may also play a role for noninvasive assessment of sympathetic nervous system activity.
Late-life mortality deceleration is a well-established phenomenon in insects, [1] which often spend much of their lives in a constant hazard rate region, but it is much more controversial in mammals. [2] Rodent studies have found varying conclusions, with some finding short-term periods of mortality deceleration in mice, others not finding such ...