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When a file is accessed, the directory must be sequentially searched until a match is found. For file names shorter than 16 characters in length, one file name record is required but the entire file is represented by three 32-byte directory records. This is called a directory file set, and a 256 MB sub-directory can hold up to 2,796,202 file sets.
exFAT is a file system introduced with Windows Embedded CE 6.0 in November 2006 and brought to the Windows NT family with Vista Service Pack 1 and Windows XP Service Pack 3 (or separate installation of Windows XP Update KB955704). It is loosely based on the File Allocation Table architecture, but incompatible, proprietary and protected by patents.
Windows 7 also supports the newer exFAT file system. As the ReadyBoost cache is stored as a file, the flash drive must be formatted as FAT32, NTFS, or exFAT in order to have a cache size greater than FAT16's 2 GB filesize limit; if the desired cache size is 4 GB (the FAT32 filesize limit) or larger, the drive must be formatted as NTFS or exFAT.
File system Maximum filename length Allowable characters in directory entries [cc] Maximum pathname length Maximum file size Maximum volume size [cd] Max number of files AdvFS: 255 characters Any byte except NUL [ce] No limit defined [cf] 16 TiB (17.59 TB) 16 TiB (17.59 TB) ? APFS: 255 UTF-8 characters Unicode 9.0 encoded in UTF-8 [96]? 8 EiB ...
VFAT, a variant of FAT with an extended directory format, was introduced in Windows 95 and Windows NT 3.5. It allowed mixed-case Unicode long filenames (LFNs) in addition to classic 8.3 names by using multiple 32-byte directory entry records for long filenames (in such a way that old 8.3 system software will only recognize one as the valid directory entry).
Format name Operating system Filename extension Explicit processor declarations Arbitrary sections Metadata [a] Digital signature String table Symbol table 64-bit Fat binaries Can contain icon; ELF: Unix-like, OpenVMS, BeOS from R4 onwards, Haiku, SerenityOS: none Yes by file Yes Yes Extension [1] Yes Yes [2] Yes Extension [3] Extension [4] PE
The FAT file systems supported 8-bit characters, allowing them to support non-ASCII characters in file names, and stored the attributes separately from the file name. Around 1995, VFAT , an extension to the MS-DOS FAT filesystem, was introduced in Windows 95 and Windows NT .
According to Microsoft, the basic data partition is the equivalent to master boot record (MBR) partition types 0x06 , 0x07 (NTFS or exFAT), and 0x0B . [2] In practice, it is equivalent to 0x01 ( FAT12 ), 0x04 ( FAT16 ), 0x0C (FAT32 with logical block addressing ), and 0x0E (FAT16 with logical block addressing) types as well.