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Innovation is related to, but not the same as, invention: [4] innovation is more apt to involve the practical implementation of an invention (i.e. new / improved ability) to make a meaningful impact in a market or society, [5] and not all innovations require a new invention. [6] Technical innovation often manifests itself via the engineering ...
Gordon Gould invented the optical amplifier and the laser, and also established the first optical telecommunications company, Optelecom, to design communication systems. The firm was a co-founder in Ciena Corp ., the venture that popularized the optical amplifier with the introduction of the first dense wave division multiplexing system. [ 129 ]
Technological change (TC) or technological development is the overall process of invention, innovation and diffusion of technology or processes. [1] [2] In essence, technological change covers the invention of technologies (including processes) and their commercialization or release as open source via research and development (producing emerging technologies), the continual improvement of ...
The term Open Innovation Ecosystem consists of three parts that describe the foundations of the approach of open innovation, innovation systems and business ecosystems. [1] While James F. Moore researched business ecosystems in manufacturing around a specific business or branch, the open model of innovation with the ecosystem theory was ...
Complexity and innovation in organizations. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415250290. Freeman, C. (1995). "The national system of innovation in historical perspective". Cambridge Journal of Economics. 19 (1): 5– 24. Fuglsang, Lars (2008). Innovation and the creative process: towards innovation with care. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Griffin ...
User innovation refers to innovation by intermediate users (e.g. user firms) or consumer users (individual end-users or user communities), rather than by suppliers (producers or manufacturers). [1] This is a concept closely aligned to co-design and co-creation , and has been proven to result in more innovative solutions than traditional ...
While innovation is a rather well-defined concept, it has a broad meaning to many people, and especially numerous understanding in the academic and business world. [1] Innovation refers to adding extra steps to developing new services and products in the marketplace or in the public that fulfill unaddressed needs or solve problems that were not ...
Systems theory; Normalization process theory; Quasi-evolutionary theories; Innovation system; Technological innovation system; Based on the analysis of the various perspectives, one can aim at developing interventions in the dynamics of a technology. Some approaches have been developed targeting on interventions in technological change ...