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Malabsorption is a state arising from abnormality in absorption of food nutrients across the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Impairment can be of single or multiple nutrients depending on the abnormality.
Malabsorption, often caused by celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease Liver disease can also cause hypoproteinemia by decreasing synthesis of plasma proteins like albumin. Renal disease like nephrotic syndrome can also result in hypoproteinemia because plasma proteins are lost in the urine.
The clinical presentation of intestinal lymphangiectasia can range from asymptomatic to severe, implying a broad clinical spectrum. [4] Some patients may exhibit minimal or subtle clinical features, diverging from the "textbook" presentations often associated with severe cases in adults. [ 4 ]
Short bowel syndrome (SBS, or simply short gut) is a rare malabsorption disorder caused by a lack of functional small intestine. [3] The primary symptom is diarrhea, which can result in dehydration, malnutrition, and weight loss. [1] Other symptoms may include bloating, heartburn, feeling tired, lactose intolerance, and foul-smelling stool. [1]
Whipple's disease is a rare systemic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei.First described by George Hoyt Whipple in 1907 and commonly considered as a gastrointestinal disorder, Whipple's disease primarily causes malabsorption, but may affect any part of the human body, including the heart, brain, joints, skin, lungs and the eyes. [1]
Tropical sprue is a malabsorption disease commonly found in tropical regions, marked with abnormal flattening of the villi and inflammation of the lining of the small intestine. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It differs significantly from coeliac sprue .
A metabolic disorder is a disorder that negatively alters the body's processing and distribution of macronutrients, such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.Metabolic disorders can happen when abnormal chemical reactions in the body alter the normal metabolic process. [3]
A hydrogen breath test (or HBT) is used as a diagnostic tool for small intestine bacterial overgrowth and carbohydrate malabsorption, such as lactose, fructose, and sorbitol malabsorption. [1] [2] The test is simple, non-invasive, and is performed after a short period of fasting (typically 8–12 hours). [3]