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Governments can use trade policy instruments to shift profits from foreign to domestically owned firms, thereby raising national economic welfare at the expense of other countries. [4] In practice, however, the impetus for government intervention is likely to come from a narrowly focused interest group that has a stake in a specific industry.
In industrial policy, the government takes measures "aimed at improving the competitiveness and capabilities of domestic firms and promoting structural transformation". [5] A country's infrastructure (including transportation, telecommunications and energy industry) is a major enabler of industrial policy. [6]
A market intervention is a policy or measure that modifies or interferes with a market, typically done in the form of state action, but also by philanthropic and political-action groups. Market interventions can be done for a number of reasons, including as an attempt to correct market failures , [ 1 ] or more broadly to promote public ...
Trade promotion (sometimes referred to as export promotion) is an umbrella term for economic policies, development interventions and private initiatives aimed at improving the trade performance of an economic area. Such an economic area can include just one country, a region within a country, or a group of countries involved in an economic ...
Johnson defined the developmental state as a state that is focused on economic development and takes necessary policy measures to accomplish that objective. He argued that Japan's economic development had much to do with far-sighted intervention by bureaucrats, particularly those in the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI).
Import substitution industrialization (ISI) is a trade and economic policy that advocates replacing foreign imports with domestic production. [1] It is based on the premise that a country should attempt to reduce its foreign dependency through the local production of industrialized products.
A commercial policy (also referred to as a trade policy or international trade policy) is a government's policy governing international trade.Commercial policy is an all encompassing term that is used to cover topics which involve international trade.
A former WTO Director-General characterized the WTO dispute settlement system as "the most active international adjudicative mechanism in the world today." [ 3 ] Chad P. Bown of the Peterson Institute for International Economics and Petros Mavroidis of Columbia Law School remarked on the 20th anniversary of the dispute settlement system that ...