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The Chinese gentry: studies on their role in nineteenth-century Chinese society (1955) online; Ch'u T'ung-tsu. Han Social Structure (Washington U. Press, 1972) Ch'u T'ung-tsu. "Chinese Class Structure and its Ideology" in Chinese Thought and Institutions, ed. J. K. Fairbank, 1957, online pp 235–250.
Family members expect to be addressed by the correct term that indicated their relationship to the person communicating with them. [6] Whenever wills clashed, it was expected, and even legally enforced, [4] that the will of the superior family member would prevail over the will of a junior family member. [3] In the Chinese kinship system:
A zupu (simplified Chinese: 族谱; traditional Chinese: 族譜; pinyin: zúpǔ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Cho̍k-phó͘) is a Chinese kin register or genealogy book, which contains stories of the kin's origins, male lineage and illustrious members. The register is usually updated regularly by the eldest person in the extended family, who hands on this ...
These stories depict how children exercised their filial piety customs in the past. While China has always had a diversity of religious beliefs, the custom of filial piety has been common to almost all of them; historian Hugh D.R. Baker calls respect for the family the one element common to almost all Chinese people. [citation needed]
Chinese kinship relations during the Han were influenced by Confucian mores and involved both immediate nuclear family and extended family members. [134] The Chinese family was patrilineal, since a father's sons did not consider a mother's kin to be part of their clan; instead, they were considered 'outside relatives'. [135]
Traditional Chinese marriage (Chinese: 婚姻; pinyin: hūnyīn) is a ceremonial ritual within Chinese societies that involves not only a union between spouses but also a union between the two families of a man and a woman, sometimes established by pre-arrangement between families. Marriage and family are inextricably linked, which involves the ...
As far as China is concerned, the current population problem is mainly the problem of overpopulation. [21] In the early 1970s, the attitude of Mao Zedong and others changed, and the Chinese government began to implement family planning.Family planning policies of China have been implemented in the cities. [22]
Chinese social relations are typified by a reciprocal social network.Often social obligations within the network are characterized in familial terms. The individual link within the social network is known by guanxi (关系/關係) and the feeling within the link is known by the term ganqing (感情).