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Behaviorism is a systematic approach to understand the behavior of humans and other animals. [1] [2] It assumes that behavior is either a reflex elicited by the pairing of certain antecedent stimuli in the environment, or a consequence of that individual's history, including especially reinforcement and punishment contingencies, together with the individual's current motivational state and ...
He was born on January 9, 1878. [2] [6] His father, Pickens Butler Watson, was an alcoholic and left the family to live with two Indian women when John was 13 years old—a transgression which he never forgave. [7]
Edwin Ray Guthrie (/ ˈ ɡ ʌ θ r i /; January 9, 1886 – April 23, 1959), a behavioral psychologist, began his career in mathematics and philosophy in 1917. He spent most of his career at the University of Washington, where he was a full-time professor and later became an emeritus professor in psychology.
Clark Leonard Hull (May 24, 1884 – May 10, 1952) was an American psychologist who sought to explain learning and motivation by scientific laws of behavior.Hull is known for his debates with Edward C. Tolman.
Purposive behaviorism is a branch of psychology that was introduced by Edward Tolman.It combines the study of behavior while also considering the purpose or goal of behavior. [1]
Educational research; Disciplines; Curriculum studies; Education sciences; Evaluation; History; Philosophy; Psychology (); Technology; International education; School ...
Social learning theory is a theory of social behavior that proposes that new behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others. It states that learning is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcement. [1]
William McDougall FRS [1] (/ m ə k ˈ d uː ɡ əl /; 22 June 1871 – 28 November 1938) was an early 20th century psychologist who was a professor at University College London, University of Oxford, Harvard University and Duke University. [2]