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A cellular model is a mathematical model of aspects of a biological cell, for the purposes of in silico research. Developing such models has been a task of systems biology and mathematical biology .
An animal model (short for animal disease model) is a living, non-human, often genetic-engineered animal used during the research and investigation of human disease, for the purpose of better understanding the disease process without the risk of harming a human. Although biological activity in an animal model does not ensure an effect in humans ...
The increase in knowledge of the genomes of non-human primates and other mammals that are genetically close to humans is allowing the production of genetically engineered animal tissues, organs and even animal species which express human diseases, providing a more robust model of human diseases in an animal model. Animal models observed in the ...
A humanized mouse is a genetically modified mouse that has functioning human genes, cells, tissues and/or organs. [1] Humanized mice are commonly used as small animal models in biological and medical research for human therapeutics.
Nonhuman primates are the most similar model organisms to humans, but there is less public acceptance toward using them as research animals. [38] In 2009, scientists announced that they had successfully transferred a gene into a primate species ( marmosets ) and produced a stable line of breeding transgenic primates for the first time.
Stentor coeruleus, used in molecular biology (its genome has been sequenced), [5] and is studied as a model of single-cell regeneration.; Dictyostelium discoideum, used in molecular biology and genetics (its genome has been sequenced), and is studied as an example of cell communication, differentiation, and programmed cell death.
A 3D cell culture is an artificially created environment in which biological cells are permitted to grow or interact with their surroundings in all three dimensions. Unlike 2D environments (e.g. a Petri dish), a 3D cell culture allows cells in vitro to grow in all directions, similar to how they would in vivo. [1]
Agent-based modeling is increasingly used to model the behaviour of individual cells within a tissue. These models are divided into on- and off-lattice models with on-lattice models such as cellular automata and cellular potts model and off-lattice models such as center-based models, [10] vertex-based models, [11] immersed boundary method [12 ...