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David Paul Ausubel (October 25, 1918 – July 9, 2008) [1] was an American psychologist. His most significant contribution to the fields of educational psychology, cognitive science, and science education learning was on the development and research on "advance organizers" (see below) since 1960.
Similar types of learning include active learning, deeper learning, and integrative learning. Ausubel (1967:10) focused on meaningful learning as "a clearly articulated and precisely differentiated conscious experience that emerges when potentially meaningful signs, symbols, concepts, or propositions are related to and incorporated within a ...
[3] [4] Ausubel's advance organizers originally took the form of prose to merge the familiar—what students know—with the new or unfamiliar—what they have discovered or are learning. The advance organizer intended to help learners more easily retain verbal information but was written in a higher level of language.
Novak's work is based on the assimilation theory of cognitivist David Ausubel, who stressed the importance of prior knowledge in being able to learn new concepts. "The most important single factor influencing learning is what the learner already knows. Ascertain this and teach accordingly." [5]
Science Education is now an established field within Education, and worldwide has its own journals, conferences, university departments and so forth. [4] Although a diverse field, a major influence on its development was research considered to be undertaken from a constructivist perspective on learning, and supporting approaches to teaching that themselves became labelled constructivist.
The learning theories of John Dewey, Maria Montessori, and David A. Kolb serve as the foundation of the application of constructivist learning theory in the classroom. [40] Constructivism has many varieties such as active learning , discovery learning , and knowledge building , but all versions promote a student's free exploration within a ...
An opportunity to do this came almost immediately when Ausubel asked him to co-author a revision of his already-published book on educational psychology, [17] phrasing it in a language more congenial to classroom teachers. The resultant textbook, School Learning: An Introduction to Educational Psychology [18] was published in 1969. It ...
According to Gagne, the cumulative learning theory is better than the maturational model because of the focus on the hierarchies of capabilities. [8] In this framework, instead of the content and concepts of the task, the learning hierarchies address intellectual skills and strategies. [ 9 ]