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Ehrlichiosis is a nationally notifiable disease in the United States. Cases have been reported in every month of the year, but most cases are reported during April–September. [23] [24] [25] These months are also the peak months for tick activity in the United States. [7] The majority of cases of Ehrlichiosis tend to be in the United States.
There are four documented manifestations of the disease, these are acute, peracute, subacute, and a mild form known as heartwater fever. There are reports of zoonotic infections of humans by E. ruminantium, similar to other Ehrlichia species, such as those that cause human ehrlichiosis. [4] [5] [6]
Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis occurs in California in Ixodes pacificus ticks and in Dermacentor variabilis ticks. [14] Nearly 600 cases were reported to the CDC in 2006. In 2001–2002, the incidence was highest in Missouri, Tennessee, and Oklahoma, as well as in people older than 60.
Ehrlichia ewingii is a human pathogen which results in a serious infection if not treated in a timely manner. [7] Ehrlichiosis, the disease caused by E. ewingii and E. chaffeensis, presents with fever, headache, fatigue, and muscle aches. [8] These symptoms are extremely unspecific which makes the infections difficult to diagnose. [8]
Ehrlichiosis (/ ˌ ɛər l ɪ k i ˈ oʊ s ɪ s /; also known as canine rickettsiosis, canine hemorrhagic fever, canine typhus, tracker dog disease, and tropical canine pancytopenia) is a tick-borne disease of dogs usually caused by the rickettsial agent Ehrlichia canis. Ehrlichia canis is the pathogen of animals.
Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection [1] is an infectious disease caused by an intracellular bacteria, Ehrlichia ewingii. [2] The infection is transmitted to humans by the tick, Amblyomma americanum . This tick can also transmit Ehrlichia chaffeensis , the bacteria that causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME).
Ehrlichia chaffeensis. E. chaffeensis causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis and is known to infect monocytes. [1] It has also been known to infect other cell types such as lymphocytes, atypical lymphocytes, myelocytes, and neutrophils, but monocytes appear to best harbor the infection.
E. canis is a small, coccus bacterium with a single circular chromosome.Minute in size, E. canis is smaller than the other species in the genus Ehrlichia. [8] [10]The cell walls of this organism lack peptidoglycans and lipopolysaccharides typically present in at least small amounts in most other Gram-negative bacteria, which is believed to contribute to its ability to resist the immune ...