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Relative velocities between two particles in classical mechanics. The figure shows two objects A and B moving at constant velocity. The equations of motion are: = +, = +, where the subscript i refers to the initial displacement (at time t equal to zero).
Motion is mathematically described in terms of displacement, distance, velocity, acceleration, speed, and frame of reference to an observer, measuring the change in position of the body relative to that frame with a change in time.
In classical mechanics, a kinematic pair is a connection between two physical objects that imposes constraints on their relative movement ().German engineer Franz Reuleaux introduced the kinematic pair as a new approach to the study of machines [1] that provided an advance over the notion of elements consisting of simple machines.
The motion of a body can only be described relative to something else—other bodies, observers, or a set of spacetime coordinates. These are called frames of reference . According to the first postulate of special relativity , all physical laws take their simplest form in an inertial frame, and there exist multiple inertial frames interrelated ...
Energy can broadly be classified into kinetic, due to a body's motion, and potential, due to a body's position relative to others. Thermal energy , the energy carried by heat flow, is a type of kinetic energy not associated with the macroscopic motion of objects but instead with the movements of the atoms and molecules of which they are made.
The set of all displacements of M relative to F is called the configuration space of M. A smooth curve from one position to another in this configuration space is a continuous set of displacements, called the motion of M relative to F. The motion of a body consists of a continuous set of rotations and translations.
SR states that motion is relative and the laws of physics are the same for all experimenters irrespective of their inertial reference frames. In addition to modifying notions of space and time , SR forces one to reconsider the concepts of mass , momentum , and energy all of which are important constructs in Newtonian mechanics .
Events A, B, and C occur in different order depending on the motion of the observer. The white line represents a plane of simultaneity being moved from the past to the future. In physics , the relativity of simultaneity is the concept that distant simultaneity – whether two spatially separated events occur at the same time – is not absolute ...