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A stanza (śloka) is defined in Sanskrit prosody as a group of four quarters (pādas). [30] Indian prosody studies recognise two types of stanzas. Vritta stanzas are those that have a precise number of syllables, while jati stanzas are those that are based on syllabic time-lengths (morae, matra ) and can contain varying numbers of syllables.
Shloka or śloka (Sanskrit: श्लोक śloka, from the root श्रु śru, lit. ' hear ' [1] [2]) in a broader sense, according to Monier-Williams's dictionary, is "any verse or stanza; a proverb, saying"; [3] but in particular it refers to the 32-syllable verse, derived from the Vedic anuṣṭubh metre, used in the Bhagavad Gita and many other works of classical Sanskrit literature.
E. V. Arnold classified the hymns of the Rigveda into four periods, partly on the grounds of language and partly of metre. [16]In the earliest period, which he calls "Bardic", when often the names of the individual poets are known, a variety of metres are used, including, for example, a ten-syllable version of the triṣṭubh; some poems of this period also often show an iambic rhythm (ᴗ ...
Anuṣṭubh (Sanskrit: अनुष्टुभ्, IPA: [ɐnuˈʂʈubʱ]) is a metre and a metrical unit, found in both Vedic and Classical Sanskrit poetry, but with significant differences. By origin, an anuṣṭubh stanza is a quatrain of four lines. Each line, called a pāda (lit. "foot"), has eight syllables.
While reading a stanza in a vilomakāvya, the relevant units are the syllables and not individual phonemes. The verses can be of two types: in the first type, called viṣamākṣara , the verse sounds different when read in the two directions, and in the second type, called samākṣara or tulyākṣara ,the verse sounds the same when read ...
Janashrayi-Chhandovichiti (IAST: Jānāśrayī Chandoviciti, also known as Janāśraya-chandas) is a 6th or 7th century Sanskrit-language work on prosody. The text was considered a lost work, until its fragments were discovered in the 20th century. [1]
Michael Hahn: "A brief introduction into the Indian metrical system for the use of students" (pdf) Lienhard, Siegfried (1984). A History of Classical Poetry: Sanskrit, Pali, Prakrit. Morgan, Les; Sharma, Ram Karan; Biduck, Anthony (2011). Croaking Frogs: A Guide to Sanskrit Metrics and Figures of Speech.
Bhaṭṭatiri's Yudhiṣṭhiravijaya is the first ever yamaka-kāvya to be composed in the history of Sanskrit literature. [4] The use of yamaka-s has made the understanding of the meaning of the verses extremely difficult. This resulted in the composition of commentaries by accomplished scholars in the subsequent eras.