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If the relative density is exactly 1 then the densities are equal; that is, equal volumes of the two substances have the same mass. If the reference material is water, then a substance with a relative density (or specific gravity) less than 1 will float in water. For example, an ice cube, with a relative density of about 0.91, will float.
From this, the dry density could be determined by simply measuring the weight of the soil before and after compaction, calculating the moisture content, and furthermore calculating the dry density. Ralph R. Proctor went on to teach at the University of Arkansas. In 1958, the modified Proctor compaction test was developed as an ASTM standard.
To derive the API gravity, the specific gravity (i.e., density relative to water) is first measured using either the hydrometer, detailed in ASTM D1298 or with the oscillating U-tube method detailed in ASTM D4052. Density adjustments at different temperatures, corrections for soda-lime glass expansion and contraction and meniscus corrections ...
Note: There is no universal agreement on the exact density of pure water at various temperatures since each industry will often use a different standard. For example the, USGS says it is 0.99907 g/cm 3. [9] While the relative variance between values may be low, it is best to use the agreed upon standard for the industry you are working in,
The test procedure is described in ISO 22476-3, ASTM D1586 [1] ... One approximate relationship between SPT N-value, relative density, and bulk density for coarse ...
Relative density The ... Methods used to calculate relative density are defined in ASTM D4254-00(2006). [12] Thus if = % the sand or gravel is ...
Thus a relative density less than one relative to water means that the substance floats in water. The density of a material varies with temperature and pressure. This variation is typically small for solids and liquids but much greater for gases. Increasing the pressure on an object decreases the volume of the object and thus increases its density.
The A36 (UNS K02600) standard was established by the ASTM International. The standard was published in 1960 and has been updated several times since. [ 2 ] Prior to 1960, the dominant standards for structural steel in North America were A7 (until 1967 [ 3 ] ) and A9 (for buildings, until 1940 [ 4 ] ). [ 5 ]