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Almost the entire Egyptian population rejected the terms of the Council of Chalcedon and remained faithful to the native Egyptian Church (now known as the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria). Those who supported the Chalcedonian definition remained in communion with the other leading churches of Rome and Constantinople , and became the Greek ...
Today Coptic is extinct but it is still the liturgical language of the native Egyptian Churches (the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Coptic Catholic Church). It is taught worldwide in many prestigious institutions, but its teaching within Egypt remains limited.
The Coptic Orthodox Church (Coptic: Ϯⲉⲕ̀ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ, romanized: Ti-eklisia en-remenkimi en-orthodhoxos, lit. 'the Egyptian Orthodox Church'), also known as the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria, is an Oriental Orthodox Christian church based in Egypt.
The church that accepted the council, became known as the Chalcedonian church, and survives today as the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria. On the other hand, the church that rejected the council of Chalcedon, to whom the vast majority of the native Egyptians adhered, became the predecessor of the Coptic Orthodox Church.
There have been many Coptic versions of the Bible, including some of the earliest translations into any language. Several different versions were made in the ancient world, with different editions of the Old and New Testament in five of the dialects of Coptic : Bohairic (northern), Fayyumic , Sahidic (southern), Akhmimic and Mesokemic (middle).
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Lanfrank of Bec (1005–1089) and Stephen Harding (d. 1134) later worked on revising the text of the Vulgate, also fruitlessly, [18] so in the late Middle Ages correctoria were created, among them the Paris Bible. [19] After the invention of printing in Europe, the Vulgate became the first printed book – the Gutenberg Bible (1452–1456) was ...
The book included the deuterocanonical books and was marked by his criticisms of church abuses, anti-catholic views of the sacraments (Penance and Eucharist), the use of relics, and clerical celibacy. These views ultimately led to his excommunication by the church, and in 1428, long after his death, his remains were exhumed and burned as a heretic.