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Spacecraft propulsion is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellites. In-space propulsion exclusively deals with propulsion systems used in the vacuum of space and should not be confused with space launch or atmospheric entry. Several methods of pragmatic spacecraft propulsion have been developed, each having its own ...
Experimental military satellite, Electric Propulsion Space Experiment: Orion 3: 5 May 1999: Ion engine: XIPS: Xenon: Orion Network Systems: Hughes-EDD: Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP; injected into wrong orbit Astra 1H: 18 Jun 1999: Ion engine: XIPS: Xenon: SES: Hughes-EDD: Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP Yamal 101: 6 Sep 1999 ...
Due to limited electric power the thrust is much weaker compared to chemical rockets, but electric propulsion can provide thrust for a longer time. [2] Electric propulsion was first demonstrated in the 1960s and is now a mature and widely used technology on spacecraft. American and Russian satellites have used electric propulsion for decades. [3]
Spacecraft propulsion [note 1] is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellites. Orbital launch systems are rockets and other systems capable of placing payloads into or beyond Earth orbit. All launch vehicle propulsion systems employed to date have been chemical rockets falling into one of three main categories:
This was the first use of electric propulsion as the interplanetary propulsion system on a science mission. [25] Based on the NASA design criteria, Hughes Research Labs developed the Xenon Ion Propulsion System (XIPS) for performing station keeping on geosynchronous satellites. [99] Hughes (EDD) manufactured the NSTAR thruster used on the ...
A thruster is a spacecraft propulsion device used for orbital station-keeping, attitude control, or long-duration, low-thrust acceleration, often as part of a reaction control system.
Busek's BIT-3 ion thruster operating on several propellants. The propulsion maturation is a partnership between NASA and the U.S. Air Force. iSat's iodine propulsion system consists of a 200 watt Hall thruster (BHT-200-I) developed by Busek Co, a cathode, a tank to store solid iodine, a power processing unit (PPU) and the feed system to supply the iodine.
[1] [2] Nowadays resistojet propulsion is used for orbit insertion, attitude control, and deorbit of LEO satellites, and do well in situations where energy is much more plentiful than mass, and where propulsion efficiency needs to be reasonably high but low thrust is acceptable. [citation needed]