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It has Arabic to English translations and English to Arabic, as well as a significant quantity of technical terminology. It is useful to translators as its search results are given in context. [ 6 ] Almaany offers correspondent meanings for Arabic terms with semantically similar words and is widely used in Arabic language research. [ 7 ]
Google Translate is a multilingual neural machine translation service developed by Google to translate text, documents and websites from one language into another. It offers a website interface, a mobile app for Android and iOS, as well as an API that helps developers build browser extensions and software applications. [3]
An iqta (Arabic: إقطاع, romanized: iqṭāʿ) and occasionally iqtaʿa (Arabic: إقطاعة) [1] was an Islamic practice of tax farming that became common in Muslim Asia during the Buyid dynasty. Iqta has been defined in Nizam-al-Mulk's Siyasatnama. Administrators of an Iqta were known as muqti or wali.
Shakir's English translations of the Qur'an render jizya as 'tax', while Pickthall and Arberry translate it as "tribute". Yusuf Ali prefers to transliterate the term as jizyah. Yusuf Ali considered the root meaning of jizya to be "compensation," [38] [39] whereas Muhammad Asad considered it to be "satisfaction." [38]
The dhimma and the jizya poll tax are no longer imposed in Muslim majority countries. [ 25 ] [ 150 ] In the 21st century, jizya is widely regarded as being at odds with contemporary secular conceptions of citizens' civil rights and equality before the law, although there have been occasional reports of religious minorities in conflict zones and ...
In some languages, a word stem associated with a single event may treat the action of that event as unitary, so in translation it may appear contronymic. For example, Latin hospes can be translated as both "guest" and "host". In some varieties of English, borrow may mean both "borrow" and "lend".
In some cases words have entered the English language by multiple routes - occasionally ending up with different meanings, spellings, or pronunciations, just as with words with European etymologies. Many entered English during the British Raj in colonial India. These borrowings, dating back to the colonial period, are often labeled as "Anglo ...
There is one count that puts the English vocabulary at about 1 million words—but that count presumably includes words such as Latin species names, prefixed and suffixed words, scientific terminology, jargon, foreign words of extremely limited English use and technical acronyms. [43] [44] [45] Urdu: 264,000