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Dualism in Indian philosophy is a belief, or large spectrum of beliefs, held by certain schools of Indian philosophy that reality is fundamentally composed of two parts or two types of existence. This mainly takes the form of either mind-matter dualism, as in some strands of Buddhist philosophy , or consciousness-nonconsciousness dualism in the ...
Dvaita (द्वैत) is a Sanskrit word that means "duality, dualism". [6] The term refers to any premise, particularly in theology on the material and the divine, where two principles (truths) or realities are posited to exist simultaneously and independently.
Advaita Vedanta is often presented as an elite scholarly tradition belonging to the orthodox Hindu Vedānta [note 8] tradition, emphasizing scholarly works written in Sanskrit; [22] as such, it is an "iconic representation of Hindu religion and culture."
Samkhya or Sankhya (/ ˈ s ɑː ŋ k j ə /; Sanskrit: सांख्य, romanized: sāṃkhya) is a dualistic orthodox school of Hindu philosophy. [1] [2] [3] It views reality as composed of two independent principles, Puruṣa ('consciousness' or spirit) and Prakṛti (nature or matter, including the human mind and emotions).
[78] Hindu philosophy recognises many types of Yoga, such as rāja yoga, jñāna yoga, [79] karma yoga, bhakti yoga, tantra yoga, mantra yoga, laya yoga, and hatha yoga. [ 80 ] The Yoga school builds on the Samkhya school theory that jñāna (knowledge) is a sufficient means to moksha.
The dualistic approach of sankhya presents truth of the same reality but at a lower empirical level, rationally analyzing the principle of dvandva (duality or pairs of opposites). Whereas, yoga philosophy presents the synthesis of vedanta and sankhya, reconciling at once monism and dualism, the supermundane and the empirical."
Today's spangram answer on Wednesday, January 22, 2025, is ANIMATION. What Are Today’s NYT Strands Answers, Word List for Wednesday, January 22? BRAVE. CARS. ONWARD. SOUL. ELEMENTAL.
The Puranas and various Hindu traditions treat both Shiva and Vishnu as being different aspects of the one Brahman. Harihara is a symbolic representation of this idea. A similar idea, called Ardhanarishvara or Naranari, fuses masculine and feminine deities as one and equivalent representation in Hinduism. [4]