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Allometry (Ancient Greek ἄλλος állos "other", μέτρον métron "measurement") is the study of the relationship of body size to shape, [1] anatomy, physiology and behaviour, [2] first outlined by Otto Snell in 1892, [3] by D'Arcy Thompson in 1917 in On Growth and Form [4] and by Julian Huxley in 1932.
Sir D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson CB FRS FRSE (2 May 1860 – 21 June 1948) was a Scottish biologist, mathematician and classics scholar.He was a pioneer of mathematical and theoretical biology, travelled on expeditions to the Bering Strait and held the position of Professor of Natural History at University College, Dundee for 32 years, then at St Andrews for 31 years.
Rensch's rule is a biological rule on allometrics, concerning the relationship between the extent of sexual size dimorphism and which sex is larger. Across species within a lineage, size dimorphism increases with increasing body size when the male is the larger sex, and decreases with increasing average body size when the female is the larger sex.
Allometric engineering has been used to test David Lack's hypothesis in the lizard Sceloporus occidentalis. [1] In this study, two populations were "engineered" to fit the morphology of the other by manipulating egg yolk quantity, removing effect of size difference between groups.
Cranial evolutionary allometry (CREA) is a scientific theory regarding trends in the shape of mammalian skulls during the course of evolution in accordance with body size (i.e., allometry). Specifically, the theory posits that there is a propensity among closely related mammalian groups for the skulls of the smaller species to be short and ...
Language Teaching is an academic journal in language education that publishes approximately 30 research articles a year in the field of second-language teaching and learning. Published by Cambridge University Press , papers focus on specific topics, languages and countries.
In the majority of English-speaking education centers, French, Spanish, and German are the most popular languages to study and learn. English as a Second Language (ESL) is also available for students whose first language is not English and they are unable to speak it to the required standard. [citation needed]
A 1999 study of 50 years of second-language education at the United States Department of State's Foreign Service Institute found that adult native speakers of English required 24 weeks or 600 classroom hours to achieve general proficiency ("3" on the DLPT, or "Superior" rating on the ACTFL scale) in "Category I" closely cognate languages, such ...