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Animal trypanosomiasis, also known as nagana and nagana pest, or sleeping sickness, is a disease of vertebrates. The disease is caused by trypanosomes of several species in the genus Trypanosoma such as T. brucei .
Trypanosomiasis or trypanosomosis is the name of several diseases in vertebrates caused by parasitic protozoan trypanosomes of the genus Trypanosoma. In humans this includes African trypanosomiasis and Chagas disease .
African trypanosomiasis is an insect-borne parasitic infection of humans and other animals. [ 3 ] Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as African sleeping sickness or simply sleeping sickness , is caused by the species Trypanosoma brucei . [ 3 ]
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. It is spread mostly by insects in the subfamily Triatominae , known as "kissing bugs".
Glossina fuscipes is a riverine fly species in the genus Glossina, which are commonly known as tsetse flies. [1] Typically found in sub-Saharan Africa [2] but with a small Arabian range, [3] G. fuscipes is a regional vector of African trypanosomiasis, commonly known as sleeping sickness, that causes significant rates of morbidity and mortality among humans and livestock. [4]
Trypanosoma is a genus of kinetoplastids (class Trypanosomatidae [1]), a monophyletic [2] group of unicellular parasitic flagellate protozoa.Trypanosoma is part of the phylum Euglenozoa. [3]
T. brucei rhodesiense which causes fast onset acute trypanosomiasis in humans. A highly zoonotic parasite, it is prevalent in southern and eastern Africa, where game animals and livestock are thought to be the primary reservoir. [45] [48] T. brucei brucei which causes animal trypanosomiasis, along with several other species of Trypanosoma. T. b.
The three major human diseases caused by trypanosomatids are; African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness, caused by Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by tsetse flies [3]), South American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease, caused by T. cruzi and transmitted by triatomine bugs), and leishmaniasis (a set of trypanosomal diseases caused by various species of Leishmania transmitted by sandflies [4]).