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A table comparing four different scales for the hydrophobicity of an amino acid residue in a protein with the most hydrophobic amino acids on the top. A number of different hydrophobicity scales have been developed. [3] [1] [7] [8] [9] The Expasy Protscale website lists a total of 22 hydrophobicity scales. [10]
A hydrophilicity plot is a quantitative analysis of the degree of hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of amino acids of a protein. It is used to characterize or identify possible structure or domains of a protein. The plot has amino acid sequence of a protein on its x-axis, and degree of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity on its y-axis.
The Hopp–Woods hydrophilicity scale of amino acids is a method of ranking the amino acids in a protein according to their water solubility in order to search for surface locations on proteins, and especially those locations that tend to form strong interactions with other macromolecules such as proteins, DNA, and RNA.
Relative accessible surface area or relative solvent accessibility (RSA) of a protein residue is a measure of residue solvent exposure.It can be calculated by formula: = / [1]
Cysteine (/ ˈ s ɪ s t ɪ iː n /; [5] symbol Cys or C [6]) is a semiessential [7] proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HOOC−CH(−NH 2)−CH 2 −SH. The thiol side chain in cysteine enables the formation of disulfide bonds, and often participates in enzymatic reactions as a nucleophile. Cysteine is chiral, but both D and L-cysteine ...
HLB scale showing classification of surfactant function. The hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) of a surfactant is a measure of its degree of hydrophilicity or lipophilicity, determined by calculating percentages of molecular weights for the hydrophilic and lipophilic portions of the surfactant molecule, as described by Griffin in 1949 [1] [2] and 1954. [3]
For efficient transport, the drug must be hydrophobic enough to partition into the lipid bilayer, but not so hydrophobic, that once it is in the bilayer, it will not partition out again. [ 29 ] [ 30 ] Likewise, hydrophobicity plays a major role in determining where drugs are distributed within the body after absorption and, as a consequence, in ...
The van der Waals surface as given by the atomic radii is shown in red. The accessible surface is drawn with dashed lines and is created by tracing the center of the probe sphere (in blue) as it rolls along the van der Waals surface. Note that the probe radius depicted here is of smaller scale than the typical 1.4Å.