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In statistics, a k-th percentile, also known as percentile score or centile, is a score below which a given percentage k of scores in its frequency distribution falls ("exclusive" definition) or a score at or below which a given percentage falls ("inclusive" definition); i.e. a score in the k-th percentile would be above approximately k% of all scores in its set.
Percentile ranks are not on an equal-interval scale; that is, the difference between any two scores is not the same as between any other two scores whose difference in percentile ranks is the same. For example, 50 − 25 = 25 is not the same distance as 60 − 35 = 25 because of the bell-curve shape of the distribution.
Weight and height percentiles are determined by growth charts and body mass index charts to compare a child's measurements with those of other children in the same age group. By doing this, doctors can track a child's growth over time and monitor how a child is growing in relation to other children.
In most forms of English, percent is usually written as two words (per cent), although percentage and percentile are written as one word. [9] In American English, percent is the most common variant [10] (but per mille is written as two words). In the early 20th century, there was a dotted abbreviation form "per cent.", as opposed to "per cent".
Colleges often use class rank as a factor in college admissions, although because of differences in grading standards between schools, admissions officers have begun to attach less weight to this factor, both for granting admission, and for awarding scholarships.
This separate meaning of percentile is also used in peer-reviewed scientific research articles. [23] The meaning used can be derived from its context. If a distribution is symmetric, then the median is the mean (so long as the latter exists). But, in general, the median and the mean can differ. For instance, with a random variable that has an ...
The probit is the quantile function of the normal distribution.. In probability and statistics, the quantile function outputs the value of a random variable such that its probability is less than or equal to an input probability value.
A decile is one possible form of a quantile; others include the quartile and percentile. [2] A decile rank arranges the data in order from lowest to highest and is done on a scale of one to ten where each successive number corresponds to an increase of 10 percentage points.