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Calendula (/ k ə ˈ l ɛ n dj uː l ə /) [2] is a genus of about 15–20 species [3] of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae that are often known as marigolds. [ 4 ] : 771 They are native to Europe, North Africa, Macaronesia and West Asia , and have their center of diversity in the Mediterranean Region . [ 5 ]
Cosmos are herbaceous perennial plants or annual plants growing 0.3–2 m (1 ft 0 in – 6 ft 7 in) tall. The leaves are simple, pinnate , or bipinnate, and arranged in opposite pairs. The flowers are produced in a capitulum with a ring of broad ray florets and a center of disc florets; flower color varies noticeably between the different species.
They are very hardy, and may survive minor frosts. The plant is well suited to a mostly sunny position, and fairly well draining soil. Overly fertile soil may cause the plants to become bushy and produce less flowers. Marigolds come in a variety of colours, but mostly yellows and oranges, flowering in the middle of summer.
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They are among several groups of plants known in English as marigolds. The genus Tagetes was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. [4] [5] Originally called cempōhualxōchitl, by the Nahua peoples, these plants are native to Central and Southern Mexico and several other Latin American countries. Some species have become naturalized around the world.
Calendula officinalis, the pot marigold, common marigold, ruddles, Mary's gold or Scotch marigold, [2] is a flowering plant in the daisy family, Asteraceae. It is probably native to southern Europe, but its long history of cultivation makes its precise origin unknown, and it is widely naturalised .