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In terms of attentional control, early bilingual learners showed the greatest advantage, compared to monolingual speakers and late bilingual speakers. In terms of overall performance on ATN, the three groups performed equally, but when age and verbal ability variables were controlled, there was a difference in reaction time.
Bilingualism is the regular use of two fluent languages, and bilinguals are those individuals who need and use two (or more) languages in their everyday lives. [1] A person's bilingual memories are heavily dependent on the person's fluency, the age the second language was acquired, and high language proficiency to both languages. [2]
For example, a bilingual individual may have greater proficiency for work-related terms in one language, and family-related terms in another language. [4] Being bilingual has been linked to a number of cognitive benefits. [7] Research on how a bilingual individual's first language (L1) and second language (L2) interact shows that both languages ...
Based on the research in Ann Fathman's The Relationship Between Age and Second Language Productive Ability, [22] there is a difference in the rate of learning of English morphology, syntax and phonology based upon differences in age, but the order of acquisition in second language learning does not change with age.
A monolingual learner's dictionary (MLD) is designed to meet the reference needs of people learning a foreign language.MLDs are based on the premise that language-learners should progress from a bilingual dictionary to a monolingual one as they become more proficient in their target language, but that general-purpose dictionaries (aimed at native speakers) are inappropriate for their needs.
For more information about the effect of "language of instruction", see Bilingual education. "Strong Bridge" – An essential difference between MLE programs and first language programs is the inclusion of a guided transition from learning through the first language to learning through another language. While the strong bridge approach aims to ...
Crosslinguistic influence (CLI) refers to the different ways in which one language can affect another within an individual speaker. It typically involves two languages that can affect one another in a bilingual speaker. [1] An example of CLI is the influence of Korean on a Korean native speaker who is learning Japanese or French.
Unlike in maintenance bilingual education programs, when the child's second language proficiency is deemed satisfactory, they transition to using only that language. [4] This approach is based on the common underlying proficiency model of bilingualism which posits that many of the skills learned in the native language can be transferred easily ...