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The connecting peptide, or C-peptide, is a short 31-amino-acid polypeptide that connects insulin's A-chain to its B-chain in the proinsulin molecule. In the context of diabetes or hypoglycemia, a measurement of C-peptide blood serum levels can be used to distinguish between different conditions with similar clinical features.
The signal peptide sequence is removed in the endoplasmic reticulum, yielding a propeptide. The propeptide travels to the Golgi apparatus where it is proteolytically cleaved and processed into multiple peptides. Peptides are packaged into dense core vesicles, where further cleaving and processing, such as C-terminal amidation, can occur.
Carboxypeptidase E functions in the production of nearly all neuropeptides and peptide hormones. The enzyme acts as an exopeptidase to activate neuropeptides . It does that by cleaving off basic C-terminal amino acids, producing the active form of the peptide.
Drug delivery to the brain is the process of passing therapeutically active molecules across the blood–brain barrier into the brain.This is a complex process that must take into account the complex anatomy of the brain as well as the restrictions imposed by the special junctions of the blood–brain barrier.
The peptide is found in several areas, among them the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the brain. When CART was injected into rat VTA, increased locomotor activity was seen, which is one of the signs of "central stimulation" caused by psychostimulants, such as cocaine and amphetamine. [5]
Natriuretic peptide precursor C, also known as NPPC, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPPC gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The precursor NPPC protein is cleaved to the 22 amino acid peptide C-type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ).
Glutamate is a very major constituent of a wide variety of proteins; consequently it is one of the most abundant amino acids in the human body. [1] Glutamate is formally classified as a non-essential amino acid, because it can be synthesized (in sufficient quantities for health) from α-ketoglutaric acid, which is produced as part of the citric acid cycle by a series of reactions whose ...
For example, these constructs have been shown to play important roles in fertilization, [1] the immune system, [2] brain development, [3] the endocrine system, [3] and inflammation. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The synthesis of glycopeptides provides biological probes for researchers to elucidate glycan function in nature and products that have useful ...