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The four-field approach is dependent on collaboration. However, collaboration in any field can get costly. To counter this, the four-field approach is often taught to students as they go through college courses. [6] By teaching all four disciplines, the anthropological field is able to produce scholars that are knowledgeable of all subfields.
With the four-field approach being questioned for its orthodoxy, the subject has gained considerable independence in recent years and some archaeologists have rejected the label anthropology. In Europe, the subject maintains closer connections to history and is simply conceived of as archaeology with a distinct research focus and methodology.
Forensic anthropology – application of the anatomical science of anthropology and its various subfields, including forensic archaeology and forensic taphonomy, in a legal setting. Paleoanthropology – study of the evolutionary development of ancient humans.
Academic anthropological knowledge is the product of lengthy research, and is published in recognized peer-reviewed academic journals. As part of this peer review, theories and reports are rigorously and comparatively tested before publication. The following publications are generally recognized as the major sources of anthropological knowledge.
The four main subfields of anthropology include cultural, linguistic, archeology, and biological/physical. Sometimes applied anthropology and public anthropology are added as additional subfields. Among the journals published by the AAA, American Anthropologist is the only one that follows the "four-field" approach, publishing articles from the ...
Another important application of Boas was the four field discipline of anthropology in which he proclaimed that all sub-fields together were needed to paint an accurate picture of anthropological research. [7] Other anthropologists made contributions to early modern anthropology, like Bronislaw Malinowski, Margaret Mead, and Ruth Benedict.
A scholar's discipline is commonly defined by the university faculties and learned societies to which they belong and the academic journals in which they publish research. Disciplines vary between well-established ones in almost all universities with well-defined rosters of journals and conferences and nascent ones supported by only a few ...
In North America, archaeology is considered one of the four subfields of anthropology, so papers on archaeology are often published in general anthropology journals, for example American Anthropologist or Current Anthropology. [4]