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The GPCC drought index provides SPEI datasets at a 1.0° spatial resolution for limited timescales (1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 months). [5] Inputs to SPEI datasets can include high-resolution potential evapotranspiration (PET) from the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) and hourly Potential Evapotranspiration (hPET). GLEAM is a set ...
ET is evapotranspiration Δ S is the change in storage (in soil or the bedrock / groundwater ) This equation uses the principles of conservation of mass in a closed system, whereby any water entering a system (via precipitation), must be transferred into either evaporation, transpiration, surface runoff (eventually reaching the channel and ...
In 1948, C. W. Thornthwaite proposed an AI defined as: = where the water deficiency is calculated as the sum of the monthly differences between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration for those months when the normal precipitation is less than the normal evapotranspiration; and where stands for the sum of monthly values of potential evapotranspiration for the deficient months (after ...
The index uses precipitation and temperature data to study moisture supply and demand using a simple water balance model. [ 28 ] [ 29 ] [ 30 ] Keetch-Byram Drought Index : an index that is calculated based on rainfall, air temperature, and other meteorological factors.
This animation shows the projected increase in potential evaporation in North America through the year 2100, relative to 1980, based on the combined results of multiple climate models. Potential evapotranspiration ( PET ) or potential evaporation ( PE ) is the amount of water that would be evaporated and transpired by a specific crop , soil or ...
Evapotranspiration (ET) is the raw sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the Earth's land surface to atmosphere. Evapotranspiration can never be greater than PET. The ratio, Precipitation/PET, is the aridity index (AI), with an AI<0.2 indicating arid/hyperarid, and AI<0.5 indicating dry. [6]
Potential evapotranspiration is expressed in terms of a depth of water or soil moisture percentage. If the actual evapotranspiration is considered the net result of atmospheric demand for moisture from a surface and the ability of the surface to supply moisture, then PET is a measure of the demand side (also called evaporative demand).
The highest recorded rainfall in a single year was 22,987 mm (904.9 in) in 1861. The 38-year average at Mawsynram, Meghalaya, India is 11,873 mm (467.4 in). [27] Lower rainfall maxima are found on the Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts of Turkey and the mountains of Tajikistan.