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However, this is done by having the other party instill the same effort by the other party. This means that the other party has to positive behaviors, have commitment, are wanting to work, and respect the leadership above them, they are willing to see growth and have achievement throughout the relationship of the leader and the citizen. [10]
However, a common finding is that relationship-oriented leadership will generate greater cohesion within groups, as well as greater team learning. [5] [6] [7] It is also supported that relationship-oriented leadership has stronger individual impact, and a positive effect on self-efficacy. [8]
This leadership style has been associated with lower productivity than both autocratic and democratic styles of leadership and with lower group member satisfaction than democratic leadership. [9] Some researchers have suggested that laissez-faire leadership can actually be considered non-leadership or leadership avoidance.
Research has also explored potential leadership advantages related to women’s values and attitudes, personal ethics, and found advantages for women, “at least in some contexts.” [66] The increasing presence of women leaders has also been shown to have positive effects on societal outcomes such as gender equality. [66]
In order for participatory management to have a positive effect, there must be "trust in institutions, social trust and social networks". "Trust in institutions influences communities' perceptions". [8] When there is a high level of trust among a community, "citizens tend to be more positive towards collaborative management frameworks". [8]
In an emergency when there is little time to converge on an agreement and where a designated authority has significantly more experience or expertise than the rest of the team, an autocratic leadership style may be most effective; however, in a highly motivated and aligned team with a homogeneous level of expertise, a more democratic or laissez ...
The authoritarian personality is a personality type characterized by a disposition to treat authority figures with unquestioning obedience and respect.Conceptually, the term authoritarian personality originated from the writings of Erich Fromm, and usually is applied to people who exhibit a strict and oppressive personality towards their subordinates. [1]
Autocracy, Inc.: The Dictators Who Want to Run the World is a 2024 non-fiction book written by Pulitzer Prize winner Anne Applebaum and published by Doubleday. [1] [2] The book examines how Autocratic governments, which do not share a common ideology, collaborate to increase their power and control against the democratic and liberal countries. [3]